Otto Warburg, “On The Origin of Cancer Cells,” SCIENCE,
(24FEB1956), Volume 123, Number 3191, pp. 309-314.
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Professor Warburg is director of the Max Planck Institute for
Cell Physiology, Berlin-Dahlem, Germany. This article is based
on a lecture delivered at Stuttgart on 25 May 1955 before the
German Central Committee for Cancer Control. It was first
published in German [Naturwissenschaften 42, 401 (1955)]. This
translation was prepared by Dean Burk, Jehu Hunter, and W. H.
Everhardy of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health,
Bethesda, Md., with permission of Naturwissenschaften and with
collaboration of Professor Warburg, who has introduced
additional material.
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Abstract:
Our principal experimental object for the measurement of the
metabolism of cancer cells is today no longer the tumor but the
ascites cancer cells (1) living free in the abdominal cavity,
which are almost pure cultures of cancer cells with which one
can work quantitatively as in chemical analysis. Formerly, it
could be said of tumors, with their varying cancer cell content,
that they ferment more strongly the more cancer cells they
contain, but today we can determine the absolute fermentation
values of the cancer cells and find such high values that we
come very close to the fermentation values of wildly
proliferating Torula yeasts.
What was formerly only qualitative has now become
quantitative. What was formerly only probably has now become
certain. The era in which the fermentation of the cancer cells
or its importance could be disputed is over, and no one today
can doubt that we understand the origin of cancer cells if we
know how their large fermentation originates, or, to express it
more fully, if we know how the damaged respiration and the
excessive fermentation of the cancer cells originate.
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